Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason (www.whyslopes.com)
||Définition d'une variable || Algèbre || Arithmetique || Logique ||La raison basée sur les règles et modelés||

Online Volumes (Book Orders)
1,  Elements of Reason.
1A. Pattern Based Reason 
1B. Math Curriculum Notes
2. Three Skills for Algebra
3. Why Slopes & More Math

Mathematics Course Designers: LAMP offers food for thought.
More Site Areas 
1. Help Your Child or Teen Learn 
2. Solving Linear Equations
3. Fractions Ratios Rates Proportions & Units
4. Euclidean Geometry
5. Analytic Geometry/Functions 
6. Number Theory
7. More Calculus
More Site Areas 
8. Complex Numbers 
9. Qc Maths  Education  
10. Secondary IV(?) maths
11. Real  Analysis 
12. LaTeX2HotEqn:
13. Electric Circuits Etc  
14.  Français
15. Algebra, Odds & Ends, Etc
More Site Areas 
16. Math Education Essays
17. Telling & Working with Time
18. Maps, Plans & Drawings
19. Quantitative Skills for  home, shopping and work 
20. Statistics Useful, or Not.
Try the
Twiddla Whiteboard
to work online with others.

[Site Entrance & Hub]Back ] Book Entrance ] Up ] Next ][Site Exit]


YOU are better than YOU think. Show yourself  how:  

      |      
//  _   _ \\
/\             /\
  <|  (o)   (o)   |> 
 \     | |      / 

Read  logic chapters 1 to 5  in online volume Three Skills for Algebra  for greater skills & confidence in  work 
and study.

Learn to read notes and textbooks like a lawyer, so that no nuance, no subtlety and no clause escapes your attention.

 -/[]\- 
||
   / \_ 
 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||

 Logic chapters 1 to 5  re- appear not in sequence, as is or longer,  in  Volume 1A,  Pattern Based Reason, Bon Appetite.

Logic Mastery
 Amazing, Amusing, Amorous,  Delicious, Delightful, Edifying, Strengthening Elixir. 
It eases work & learning difficulties Makes the hard easier. Opens eyes. Leads to greater precision.
in reading and
writing

Logic mastery makes the hard, easier. Logic mastery  leads to better, stronger and richer comprehension.  Logic mastery  improves reading and writing.  Logic mastery ease learning difficulties.  Logic mastery gives a headstart.  In sum, logic mastery  will develops critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and give a firmer base for work and studies at many levels. Good luck.


After logic  (a) continue reading Three Skills for Algebra, chapters 8 to 14  and do so alongside site area on solving liinear Equations ; or (b) see this calculus starter lesson and Volume 3, Why Slopes  & More Math, chapters 2 to 6;

      |      
//  _   _ \\
/\             /\
<|   (o)   (o)  |> 
     | |     |
   \             /   
\    =   /

Caution: Site advice is approximately correct, for some circumstances, not all. That leaves room for thought

 -/[]\- 
||
  _ / \     
 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||

What may be learnt and when depends on how skills and concepts are developed. Making the hard easier and clearer will allow earlier & richer development of skills and concepts.


Try the Twiddla Whiteboard. In principle, it  allows to people to draw and chat together online on a copy of this webpage or a clean sheet. The chat may be via text or audio.  Visit www.twiddla.com to set up whiteboards to work with the webpage of your choice.

For online automated help in senior high school maths & calculus, visit  quickmath.com  For Automatic Calculus and Algebra Help with derivatives, integrals, graphs, linear equations, matrix algebra, visit calc101.com  With  overlap, each site quickmath & calc101offers a different range of services, some free, some not, all based on webmathematica. Good luck.

Apart from Set Theory
Chapter 14, Subsection

Previous: Euclidean Model for Physics, Axiomatic Foundation Unlikely

A body of mathematical knowledge, a growing acquaintance with calculations and mathematical reasoning that worked and some which did not, has been found or built before and besides a single axiomatic foundation for mathematics. Mathematical knowledge in the 19th century, pure and applied, was a patchwork of assumptions and consequences. This patchwork has been extended in the 20th century despite and besides the presence of the set theoretic framework for mathematics. Three examples will be briefly given. A more detailed description would require a knowledge of calculus.

In the 1930s for the study of electricity, Heaviside developed a useful tool, the concept of a generalized function. His description of it was apart from the set theoretic concepts and the analytic reasoning then favored by mathematics. But his use of it worked well. In the 1950s, a cleaner mathematical theory of generalized functions was developed. Heaviside's calculations or calculus was essentially incorporated into and justified within the set theoretic framework – albeit users of Heaviside calculus, that is, faculty members in electrical engineering departments, saw no immediate need to master a complicated mathematical justification for calculations that worked and were familiar to them. This attitude has slowly faded away with the passage of time, the retirement of faculty, and the mathematical training of younger engineers by mathematics departments.

Since the 1920s, the computations of quantum physics have provided another example of applied mathematics. Physical consideration and heuristic reasoning led, by trial and error, and the elimination of approaches that did not work, to equations of motion for subatomic particles. The physicists developed their own rules of calculation. They obtained calculations that worked well. Predicted values of constants agreed amazingly well to those measured to several decimal places. Quantum physics or mechanics has gone through few conceptual transformations. With each transformations, theoreticians have decried that the reasoning that led to some of their previous computations was fortuitous. So apparently there is a collection of computations that work, but no strict thought-based framework for it. Suffice to say that quantum mechanics is still a mysterious subject with a patchwork of rules for computation that have not (to the best of my knowledge) been organized in a fully coherent, Euclidean axiomatic fashion.

Since the 1950s and the advent of the electronic computers, engineers have developed so called Finite Element computer models for ships, planes, buildings, etc., via numerical experimentation along with corroboration via observation. Here, computations were conceived and done without a rigorous mathematical justification. Mathematical theories have been develop since the 1960s to offer some refinement or justification.


Chapter Subsections: 14 Set Theory ] 14 Before & After Set Theory in Pure Mathematics ] 14 Euclidean Model for Physics ] [ 14 Applied Maths and Electricity Apart from Sets ] 14  Decimals Absent From Pure Mathematics ] 14 Modern Mathematics Education ]

Next: Decimals Absent From Pure Mathematics

 

www.whyslopes.com
Volume 1A, Pattern Based Reason

 Chapters 1 to 24

FOREWORD
Three Remarks

1 Introduction
2 Communication
3. Elements of Reason
4 Implication Rules
5. Deception
6 Chains of Reason
7 Longer Chains
For & From Consistency
8. Language Change
9 Next Chapters
10 Responsibility
11 Accidental Patterns
12 Knowledge Islands
13 Euclidean Logic
14 Deductive & Empirical Views of Mathematics
15 Objectivity
16 Origin of Rules
and Patterns
17 Objective Ways

18. Waking up
19. Symbols  & Logic
20. Pronouns or Symbols
21. Truth Tables I.
22. Truth Tables II
22. Biconditional
22. Contrapositive
23. IF-THEN table
24. Indirect Reason Again

To reason often means to persuade someone of the need for an idea or action. That someone could be yourself. So be careful.

1A Logic Postscripts
- online only

+Proof by Absurdity alias proof by contradiction
+How the demand for consistency supports the law of the excluded middle
+Reality versus or with the aid of Imagination
+Links for reason, logic and crtical thinking
+Three Remarks
+History Lost or Missing

There is a difference between
knowing how to spend money,
and having money to spend.

There is likewise a difference
between mastering a skill
and having meeting a situation in which it applies.

 



 


 .




www.whyslopes.com

[Top of this Page] [Site Exit] Back ] Book Entrance ] Up ] Next ]
[Comments, Reactions, Feedback][ Road Safety Message ]
: Favourite SitesBBC News  and mathematics portion of  English National Curriculum  

All trademarks and copyrights on this page are owned by their respective owners.
Copyright to comments & contributions are owned by the Poster. 
The Rest © 1995 onward by site author,   Alan Selby,
a 1983 McGill. Ph. D. in mathematics
All Rights Reserved.