Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason (www.whyslopes.com)
||Définition d'une variable || Algèbre || Arithmetique || Logique ||La raison basée sur les règles et modelés||

Online Volumes
1,  Elements of Reason.
1A. Pattern Based Reason 
1B. Math Curriculum Notes
2. Three Skills for Algebra
3. Why Slopes & More Math

 (Optional Book Orders)
More Site Areas 
1. Help Your Child or Teen Learn 
2. Solving Linear Equations
3. Fractions Ratios Rates Proportions & Units
4. Euclidean Geometry
5. Analytic Geometry/Functions 
6. Number Theory
7. More Calculus
More Site Areas 
8. Complex Numbers 
9. Qc Maths  Education  
10. Secondary IV(?) maths
11. Real  Analysis 
12. LaTeX2HotEqn:
13. Electric Circuits Etc  
14.  Français
15. Algebra, Odds & Ends, Etc
More Site Areas 
16. Math Education Essays
17. Telling & Working with Time
18. Maps, Plans & Drawings
19. Quantitative Skills for  home, shopping and work 
20. Statistics Useful, or Not.
Try the
Twiddla Whiteboard
to work online with others.

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YOU are better than YOU think. Show yourself  how:  

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Read  logic chapters 1 to 5  in online volume Three Skills for Algebra  for greater skills & confidence in  work 
and study

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 Logic chapters 1 to 5  re- appear not in sequence, as is or longer,  in  Volume 1A,  Pattern Based Reason, Bon Appetite.

Logic Mastery
 Amazing, Amusing, Amorous,  Delicious, Delightful, Edifying, Strengthening Elixir. 
It eases work & learning difficulties Makes the hard easier. Opens eyes. Leads to greater precision.
in reading and
writing

Logic mastery makes the hard, easier. Logic mastery  leads to better, stronger and richer comprehension.  Logic mastery  improves reading and writing.  Logic mastery ease learning difficulties.  Logic mastery gives a headstart.  In sum, logic mastery  will develops critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and give a firmer base for work and studies at many levels. Good luck.


After logic  (a) continue reading Three Skills for Algebra, chapters 8 to 14  and do so alongside site area on solving liinear Equations ; or (b) see this calculus starter lesson and Volume 3, Why Slopes  & More Math, chapters 2 to 6;

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Caution: Site advice is approximately correct, for some circumstances, not all. That leaves room for thought

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What may be learnt and when depends on how skills and concepts are developed. Making the hard easier and clearer will allow earlier & richer development of skills and concepts.


Try the Twiddla Whiteboard. In principle, it  allows to people to draw and chat together online on a copy of this webpage or a clean sheet. The chat may be via text or audio.  Visit www.twiddla.com to set up whiteboards to work with the webpage of your choice.

For online automated help in senior high school maths & calculus, visit  quickmath.com  For Automatic Calculus and Algebra Help with derivatives, integrals, graphs, linear equations, matrix algebra, visit calc101.com  With  overlap, each site quickmath & calc101offers a different range of services, some free, some not, all based on webmathematica. Good luck.

Views of Mathematics
Chapter 14

Previous: Euclidean Model for Reason.(Chapter 13)

This chapter provides several perspectives on mathematics. Some are slightly at odds. Some are slightly technical. The next chapter Objective Processes returns to some simpler material.

Empirical Origins of Decimal Arithmetic

The rules of arithmetic and our notation for fractions and decimal numbers which we use today were created about three hundred years ago. The popularization of decimal notation began with Simon Stevin (1548 -1620 A.D.) Before the use of decimal notation, our forbears (except those using the abacus) found arithmetic operations of +, -, ×, and ÷ very awkward to master. Knowledge of arithmetic, like literacy, has gradually become more widespread since the 15th century. Even at the start of the 20th century, few people could read, write and figure. Public education has changed this situation in many communities.

The rules of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division with decimal notation had to be discovered or invented. In all this, trial and error or experimentation, was used to formulate the rules and even the notation for arithmetic. That is, the rules and methods of arithmetic, taught in elementary school, are human creations. Despite this, they work: The results obtained from each arithmetic operation (+, -, ×, and ÷) are reproducible and supposedly not dependent on whom obtains them. Arithmetic methods were empirically discovered and established. These methods were invented and then used to solve problems in business and geometry. Reproducible and repeatable results led to a wide, if not universal, acceptance of the methods. Calculations, precisely described, are reproducible.

Note that arithmetic yields an alternative approach to geometry. The use of coordinates to identify points in the plane, in fact the first quadrant, by Descartes (1596-1650) eventually led to a geometry based on rules of arithmetic instead of the assumptions of Euclid. Today, the two perspectives are often mixed – a departure from the ideal of having only one basis for geometry. The original approach of Euclid is now labeled as synthetic geometry while the arithmetic-based approach is labeled analytic geometry.

Chapter Sections: 14 Set Theory ] 14 Before & After Set Theory in Pure Mathematics ] 14 Euclidean Model for Physics ] 14 Applied Maths and Electricity Apart from Sets ] 14  Decimals Absent From Pure Mathematics ] 14 Modern Mathematics Education ]

Next: Set Theory & the Euclidean Model For the Codification of Mathematics

 

 
www.whyslopes.com
Volume 1A, Pattern Based Reason

 Chapters 1 to 24

FOREWORD
Three Remarks

1 Introduction
2 Communication
3. Elements of Reason
4 Implication Rules
5. Deception
6 Chains of Reason
7 Longer Chains
For & From Consistency
8. Language Change
9 Next Chapters
10 Responsibility
11 Accidental Patterns
12 Knowledge Islands
13 Euclidean Logic
14 Deductive & Empirical Views of Mathematics
15 Objectivity
16 Origin of Rules
and Patterns
17 Objective Ways

18. Waking up
19. Symbols  & Logic
20. Pronouns or Symbols
21. Truth Tables I.
22. Truth Tables II
22. Biconditional
22. Contrapositive
23. IF-THEN table
24. Indirect Reason Again

To reason often means to persuade someone of the need for an idea or action. That someone could be yourself. So be careful.

Vol 1A Postscripts
- online only

+Proof by Absurdity alias proof by contradiction
+How the demand for consistency supports the law of the excluded middle

There is a difference between
knowing how to spend money,
and having money to spend.

There is likewise a difference
between mastering a skill
and having meeting a situation in which it applies.

 



 


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a 1983 McGill. Ph. D. in mathematics
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