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Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason  (Français)
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Online Volumes (Book Orders)
1,  Elements of Reason. (1996)
1A. Pattern Based Reason  (1995)
1B. Math Curriculum Notes (1996)
2. Three Skills for Algebra  (1995)
3.-Why Slopes & More Math  - (1995)

Read chapters 1-5, 8-12, 14, 16 & 17 
in  Three Skills for Algebra 

More Site Areas 
1.  Solving Linear Equations  (04-2005)
2.  Fractns, Rates Proportns, Units  (2006)
3.  Algebra, Odds & Ends, HS level-(2001)
4.  Euclidean Geometry  & Cmplx NOs-new 
5.  Analytic Geometry/Functions (2006)
6.  Number Theory. (2006-7)
7.  Complex Numbers (2001)
8.  Calculus Introduction (2005)
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YOU are better than YOU think. Show yourself  how:

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 For better work & study skills, read logic chapters 1 to 5  in  Three Skills for Algebra. Sooner is better. Good luck.

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 Logic Mastery
 Amazing, Amusing, Amorous,  Delicious, Delightful, Edifying, Strengthening Elixir. 
It eases work & learning difficulties Makes the hard easier. Opens eyes. Leads to greater precision.
in reading and writing

Do not leave here without it -  Logic mastery  will develops critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and give a firmer base for work and studies at many levels. Good luck.

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Caution: Site advice is approximately correct, for some circumstances, not all. Site How-TOs are logically developed, but not tried and tested. That leaves room for thought and refinement..

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After logic  (a) continue reading Three Skills for Algebra, chapters 8 to 14  and do so alongside site area on solving linear2007 Equations ; or (b) see this calculus starter lesson and Volume 3, Why Slopes  & More Math, chapters 2 to 6;


For online automated help in senior high school maths & calculus, visit  quickmath.com  For Automatic Calculus and Algebra Help with derivatives, integrals, graphs, linear equations, matrix algebra, visit calc101.com  With  overlap, each site quickmath & calc101offers a different range of services, some free, some not, all based on webmathematica. Good luck.


Explore collaborative whiteboards from groupboardtwiddla  or scriblink.


Chapter 8,  Part II

Previous: Chapter 8, Part I.

Two-Way Implication Rules

In the previous chapter Implication Rules, we met the rule

Tom goes out to play
when and only when
Aunt Jane visits his home.

This is an example of a two-way rule. Two-way rules can also be said or presented in different ways. Again the form of a rule does not matter, provided we recognize exactly what is meant. The above rule also can be rewritten (or restated, again without changing its meaning) in the if-and-only-if form:

Aunt Jane visits her nephew Tom's home
if and only if
Tom goes out to play.

This form suggests we call such rules biconditional statements. The prefix bi- here signals two ways. Whenever the condition (or situation) Aunt Jane visits her nephew Tom's home occurs, the other condition (or situation) Tom goes out to play must also occur, and vice-versa, if this rule is to be never-disobeyed.

You may prefer to say if and only if instead of when and only when. For instance, I might say or suggest to you: I will do that for you if and only if you do this for me. Alternatively, I might say or suggest to you: I will do that for you when and only when you do this for me. Tone provides the only difference between the two suggestions. Both of these suggestions represent a two-way obligation to which we might agree. Confusion or disappointment or false expectations may happen when suggestions such as these are not explicitly accepted or rejected.

Two-Way or Two One-Way Rules

The two-way Aunt Jane and nephew Tom rule above is rewritten (with no change in meaning) as

Aunt Jane visits her nephew Tom's home implies Tom goes out to play,

and also that

Tom goes out to play implies Aunt Jane visits her nephew Tom's home.

In this form, the two-way rule is seen to be the same as two one-way implication rules, each going in the opposite direction.


Chapter Subsections: Up ] [ More on Two-Way Implications ] Equivalent Situations or Conditions ]

Next: Stating and Writing Two-Way Implications

 

www.whyslopes.com
Volume 1A, Pattern Based Reason

 Chapters 1 to 24

FOREWORD
Three Remarks

1 Introduction
2 Communication
3. Elements of Reason
4 Implication Rules
5. Deception
6 Chains of Reason
7 Longer Chains
For & From Consistency
8. Language Change
9 Next Chapters
10 Responsibility
11 Accidental Patterns
12 Knowledge Islands
13 Euclidean Logic
14 Deductive & Empirical 
     Views of Mathematics

15 Objectivity
16 Origin of Rules
and Patterns
17 Objective Ways

18. Waking up
19. Symbols  & Logic
20. Pronouns or Symbols
21. Truth Tables I.
22. Truth Tables II
22. Biconditional
22. Contrapositive
23. IF-THEN table
24. Indirect Reason Again

To reason often means to persuade someone of the need for an idea or action. That someone could be yourself. So be careful.

1A Logic Postscripts
- online only

+Proof by Absurdity alias proof by contradiction
+How the demand for consistency supports the law of the excluded middle
+Reality versus or with the aid of Imagination
+Links for reason, logic and crtical thinking
+Three Remarks
+History Lost or Missing

There is a difference between
knowing how to spend money,
and having money to spend.

There is likewise a difference
between mastering a skill
and having meeting a situation in which it applies.

 



 


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