Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason (www.whyslopes.com)
||Définition d'une variable || Algèbre || Arithmetique || Logique ||La raison basée sur les règles et modelés||

Online Volumes
1,  Elements of Reason.
1A. Pattern Based Reason 
1B. Math Curriculum Notes
2. Three Skills for Algebra
3. Why Slopes & More Math

 (Optional Book Orders)
More Site Areas 
1. Help Your Child or Teen Learn 
2. Solving Linear Equations
3. Fractions Ratios Rates Proportions & Units
4. Euclidean Geometry
5. Analytic Geometry/Functions 
6. Number Theory
7. More Calculus
More Site Areas 
8. Complex Numbers 
9. Qc Maths  Education  
10. Secondary IV(?) maths
11. Real  Analysis 
12. LaTeX2HotEqn:
13. Electric Circuits Etc  
14.  Français
15. Algebra, Odds & Ends, Etc
More Site Areas 
16. Math Education Essays
17. Telling & Working with Time
18. Maps, Plans & Drawings
19. Quantitative Skills for  home, shopping and work 
20. Statistics Useful, or Not.

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North American Math Curriculum


YOU are better than YOU think. Show yourself  how:  

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Read  logic chapters 1 to 5  in online volume Three Skills for Algebra  for greater skills & confidence in  work 
and study

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 Logic chapters 1 to 5  re- appear not in sequence, as is or longer,  in  Volume 1A,  Pattern Based Reason, Bon Appetite.

Logic Mastery
 Amazing, Amusing, Amorous,  Delicious, Delightful, Edifying, Strengthening Elixir. 
It eases work & learning difficulties Makes the hard easier. Opens eyes. Leads to greater precision.
in reading and
writing

Logic mastery makes the hard, easier. Logic mastery  leads to better, stronger and richer comprehension.  Logic mastery  improves reading and writing.  Logic mastery ease learning difficulties.  Logic mastery gives a headstart.  In sum, logic mastery  will develops critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and give a firmer base for work and studies at many levels. Good luck.


After logic  (a) continue reading Three Skills for Algebra, chapters 8 to 14  and do so alongside site area on solving liinear Equations ; or (b) see this calculus starter lesson and Volume 3, Why Slopes  & More Math, chapters 2 to 6;

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Caution: Site advice is approximately correct, for some circumstances, not all. That leaves room for thought

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What may be learnt and when depends on how skills and concepts are developed. Making the hard easier and clearer will allow earlier & richer development of skills and concepts.


Try the Twiddla Whiteboard. In principle, it  allows to people to draw and chat together online on a copy of this webpage or a clean sheet. The chat may be via text or audio.  Visit www.twiddla.com to set up whiteboards to work with the webpage of your choice.

For online automated help in senior high school maths & calculus, visit  quickmath.com  For Automatic Calculus and Algebra Help with derivatives, integrals, graphs, linear equations, matrix algebra, visit calc101.com  With  overlap, each site quickmath & calc101offers a different range of services, some free, some not, all based on webmathematica. Good luck.

 

Evaluation of the North American Mathematics Curriculum - Hook, Line and Sinkers

The modern mathematics curricula, say 1955-80 inconsistently  introduced  ideas from higher level mathematics but provided a nearly expert, discipline-based, discipline-centered approach to course design and delivery, with a few awkward elements. The olde problem of too many symbols and not enough words in the introduction of algebra was not recognized and so persisted. The decimal-free nature of modern mathematics - its lack of dependence on the decimal representation of real numbers - meant the common use of decimals, required in high school arithmetic, was not sanctioned and implied the decimal viewpoint of error control and continuity, a view that lingers with the study of scientific notation a * 10k for measurements (with 0.1 < a < 1), was otherwise avoided. The discussion of ratios a :b and multiple a:b:c also continued in an awkward manner. The sprit of the modern mathematics curricula was not child-centered. It was discipline centered. It focused on the elements of mathematics which appeared, which would be needed for comprehension of high level mathematics in a context-independent matter.   That focus provided a hard route to follow due to the lack of a clear introduction of algebraic concepts and due to the avoidance of decimals - the sanction of their use in daily life (weights, measures and calculations) and the absence of any dependence in the high school & college development of mathematics.  That focus  made learning and teaching harder than need-be. The new fashioned (context-free)  description of functions as sets of ordered pairs that satisfy a vertical line property appeared too suddenly and too absolutely.  The companion concepts of  - how one number depended on others - and function notation y = f(x) should be emphasized first.  The modern mathematics curricula selection and introduction of skills and concepts was not optimal. Its introduction was nearly expert, but not expert enough - too much enthusiam, not enough thought.

 In recent  decades,  factors outside of the discipline led to curriculum reforms 1989 onward that have ignored and compounded the earlier difficulties in course design and delivery   First,  the end of streaming in course design and delivery, the merging of course content for enriched instruction into general instruction added topics not essential into the high school education of every student. Second, the rich treatment of  Euclidean Geometry was judged too hard, too intimidating for the general student, so it was dropped - site pages indicate a leaner, minimal treatment of Euclidean Geometry, one that depends on direct use of logic. Third, arithmetic drill, practice and correction was considered not important and so de-emphasized in North America and UK(?) schools in favour of calculator use and spreadsheet use. But students need to have an automatics, efficient command of exact arithmetic with whole numbers and fractions, one that does not require them to reach for a calculator for every simple calculation, if they are to master algebra, trig, functions and calculus  That is a discipline-based view. Anything less delays or dilutes high school and college level mathematics - changes the discipline in a way that earlier masters would not understand - and so undermines any reason for the study of mathematics, year after year in high school.  So course content needs to be maintained and protected by discipline experts.

Mastery of the skills and concepts through their ability to do calculations and follow rules and patterns in a repeatable, reproducible and hence verifiable manner.  That requires care and precision. It can be a struggle to understand precisely the chains of reason, verbal and symbolic, in a mathematics text due to steps to large,   Not every one has the patience for it.  The high school and college exposition of mathematics from algebra to calculus  may make that mastery harder than need-be with algebraic skills and concepts introduced awkwardly. Site pages point to a remedy for that.

 In the past, mastery of arithmetic, figuring skills, was regarded as a sign of intelligence. In brief, it  meant a student or a worker had the wits or ability to follow rules and patterns in a repeatable, reproducible, verifiable and reliable manner.

But factors not expert in  mathematics, the soft science in the form of psychology and theories of learning may call for critical thinking and independent judgment but oppose the mastery of rules and patterns, alone and in sequence, for the sake of repeatable, reproducible, verifiable and reproducible results.  That points to a conflict or inconsistency between expert views of mathematics and hard sciences - how university professors in the hard sciences and mathematics might value and define their disciplines - and the anti-rule, anti-bureaucratic but still bureaucratic applied and developed theories and practices for education reform. Factors who are not expert in mathematics may influence and control course design and delivery

Mathematics course design and delivery should identify what skills and concepts are essential to provide a curricula which is learn but effective.  The advance in site pages for the exposition of the mathematics suggest how. Those advances and the  question 

how to select topics to interest students - can we design a sequence of courses so each one if it was the last taken by a student, would leave a satisfying image of the discipline and with or through that an invitation to further studies?

provides mathematics education committees in schools and colleges with opportunities to make learning and teaching simpler and more effective.  Course design and delivery with some variations may be built on the collection and development of appetizers and lessons easily understood and repeated by teachers and effective in the classroom.

 

www.whyslopes.com
Mathematics Education Essays
57 or so 

Area Entrance & Hub
Ideas for Better Instruction
4 Ways to Improve Reform
Theory of Knowledge
Peer Review
The Trouble With Algebra
Course Design and Delivery
How Letters Appear
Sit Down & Study
Modern Education
Key Notes and Themes
Site Lesson Plans
How This Site Differs
Site Origins
Math & Logic Puzzles
Comments on site content.

Words For Instructors
Inductive Principles
Fairness Principles
Apprentices & Masters
Three Remarks
For a Leaner Curriculum
Mixed Maths Curricula
Cultivating Intelligence
Reason - 3 kinds in maths
Logic in Mathematics
Science Education
Maths Instruction in General
Operational View & Values
Standards
Ends and Values
Goals & Unifying Themes
Algebra Lesson Plans
Algebra, Geometrically
Mathematics Curriculum Shifts
Teaching Tips - Fractions to Calculus
Math Ed Perils
Talk the algebra talk
Sec I  - Fraction Focus
Sec II -  algebra focus
Sec III - Focus on Slopes
Maps-Plans-Drawings
Math Wall Posters
Education, Empirical Art
Damage Reversal
North American Math Curriculum
Managing Reform
Essay January 2007
Educational Follies
Contructivism Incomplete
Missing the Point I
Mathematics in Context
What and When, A Challenge
Grouping Students
Teacher Certification
Education of Math Ed. Professors
Site Eurekas
Links

Help Me Learn/Teach;

  1. Algebra
    words before symbols - direct & indirect use of formula, numerical versus algebraic solutions - what is a variable (more words)
  2. Arithmetic
    - exercises
    - with fractions
    - videos on primes, lcm, gcm,lcd, square roots etc
  3. Calculus - geometric preview, algebraic preview,
    3 study guides,
    much more
  4. Complex numbers
    -starter lesson with java applet - easy consequences for trig & vectors in the plane
  5. Education
    - Empirical Course Design & Delivery
  6. Fractions
    - alone
    - by rote
    - with algebra
    - videos
  1. Functions - introduction
    hindsight - composition aka
    substitution
    -
  2. Geometry, Euclidean - Correspondence of trianglesTriangle construction,  duplication & Isometry - Failure of ASA & the // line postulate - angle sum in triangles -// grams - Triangle Similarity
  3. Geometry- Analytic - functions, polynomials, complex numbers, unit circle trigonometry
  4. Logic
    - First Steps -
    Symbols in Logic -
     Occurrence & Truth Tables - Indirect Reason -Indirect Reason More
  5. Proportionality
    - Definition - Direct & Indirect Use - Numerical versus Algebraic Solutions
  6. Real Analysis
    - Decimal View of concepts and of proofs
  7. Rules &Patterns in Science, Technology & Society - Pattern Based Reason
  8. Mathematical Reasoning, empirical, inductive or deductive
  9. Units
    - in rates & slopes & (?) derivatives
    - in ratios & proportions - slopes & rates included
  10. Complex Numbers & Vectors & Trig
    trig expression for dot & cross - cosine law


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The Rest © 1995 onward by site author,   Alan Selby,
a 1983 McGill. Ph. D. in mathematics
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