Original Site Title: Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason, June 1995 to April 2012. New site title:
Logic and Mathematics Skill & Concept Development How-TOs Site Map || Français: 26 pages
for college students, gifted teens, home-tutoring and K1-12 schooling; and for avid readers not in school

Logic 5 Chapters Arithmetic 10 Steps Algebra 12 Starter Steps & 5 Advanced Steps
Work & Study 23 Tips Geometry 15 Steps Calculus 70 Lessons

Ages 15+: Why study slopes Polynomials Quadratics Why factor polynomials Logarithms Functions
What is similarity Euclidean geometry leanly Coordinates + complex no.s Vectors DC Electric Circuits
Ages 12+: Prime factorization Written work formats Decimal place value Extend arithmetic skills orally
What is a variable 5. Fraction Operations by Raising Terms Solving Linear Equations: Take I Take II


Online Volumes: 1 - Elements of Reason, 2 - 3 Skills For Algebra, 3 - Why Slopes and
More Math
, 1A - Pattern Based Reason, 1B - Skill Development Principles + Troubles

Welcome: Site content may develop critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and build mathematics skills. See online chapters on on logic and pattern based reason.

Teachers: This December 2011, 5-phase framework offers a context for mathematics & logic instruction. Phases 1 to 3 focus on skills with actual or potential value for adult & daily life. College-oriented phases 5 & 4 focus on calculus & preparation for it. Phases 1 to 4 may also serve trades & professions not dependent on calculus.

Site Review: Math resources ... span ... arithmetic, logic, algebra, calculus, complex numbers, and Euclidean geometry. Lessons and how-tos .... provide a good foundation for high school and college ... mathematics. Read more.

Home < Archives < LAMP - Lean Applied Mathematics Program << F LAMP Introduction Prerequisites

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www.whyslopes.com >> LAMP (an abandonned mathematics education program)  >>   Before LAMP     Back ] Next ]

LAMP  Prequel - Previous Instruction

In the first years of education, primary school and even before, children in well-protected environments may be enthused, initial reluctant aside, about going to school to learn and growing up to follow in the footsteps of their parents or guardians.  For students with sight, learning to read, write and do arithmetic is based on our ability to recognize shapes as different or similar, and to draw or write those shapes on paper.  Elementary or primary education may or should introduce students to decimal notation; to associated place-value methods for the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and short & long division;  to the meaning of fractions and arithmetic operations with them; to measures and calculations - more addition, subtraction, multiplication and division - with whole and fractional units of time, length, area, volume, money and mass (or weight) present in our cultures. As time permits, parents and teachers of children may expose students to planning and making meals; to following daily, weekly and longer schedules; to buying and selling goods and services in many situations - travel, work and restaurants. 

Applications: Book that teaches another language, say French, may describe people or a family in situations at home, at work, in town, on the land, at seas or in air,   course designs and materials and in that description introduce to associated vocabulary.  Likewise, course materials in mathematics may describe the calculation present in common place situations and activities with simplest ones first.  Examples in primary and secondary school years could place students in the mathematical shoes of buyers and sellers, carpenters, painters, construction workers, health workers, taxpayers, wage earners, business operators, investors, bankers, planners, navigators, surveyors, and so on. The description of mathematical reasoning  would provide a context and motivation for mathematics learning and teaching whose extent depends on local culture and conditions.  The mathematics of activities that are not in local favour - a favor that depends on time, place and culture - should be presented so  that students can recognize what to avoid.  

Operation viewpoint of arithmetic operations:  Whole numbers and fractions may describe how many units or objects are present. They may also describe position in terms of placement (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc) or in terms of coordinates ( 10, 0, -10.5).  Whole numbers and fractions may be classified as numerical adjectives.  Then physical addition, subtraction, multiplication and division may be described in terms of and imply corresponding operations on whole numbers and fractions.  That implies our numerical adjectives are closed under these numerical operations when the corresponding physical operations are feasible. Before the introduction of signs, a larger quantities cannot be subtracted from smaller ones.  Division by a whole number (answer to the question how many whole times one count goes into another and what is the remainder, if any)  may lead to a quotient and remainder calculations.  But also, division by a whole number or fraction (how many times a shorter length goes into another length)  may also be described by a whole number plus a fraction.  

Signed Numbers:  That being said, if signs are introduced as prefixes on whole numbers and fractions, and these signed numbers are used as coordinates along a line and to describe displacement, arithmetic operations on signed numbers can be implied and thus defined by physical operation on displacements. Displacements to the left or right are easily added in a head to tail many. Unsigned or positive multiples of a displacement are easily defined through repeated addition, While negative multiples are defined by a change of direction.  The latter and the adjectival description of displacements as signed multiplies of a unit displacement (vector) implies the definition of products of signed numbers. Whence signed numbers are adjectives on which arithmetic operations are implied by their roles as adjectives. 
 

Put Performance First. That is to say or suggest, skills and confidence in arithmetic may follow in the first instance from a rote or near rote mastery of calculation methods, so that results are obtained in a repeatable, reproducible and hence verifiable manner. While thought based development and comprehension of operations on whole numbers and fractions, including place value methods for operations on decimals, is preferable. It may aid mastery of arithmetic operations and should be emphasized for that, but any further comprehension of why operations work need not be required. In the first instance, skill and confidence may be produced by emphasizing drill and practices, so that students figuring skills becomes automatic.  However, for students who refuse to apply methods before understanding the origins or justifications, the course materials should provide explanations in an appendix for the sake of completeness.

Secondary Mathematics for Ages 11+, A Practical Approach for home-tutoring or -schooling, or for schools & colleges with local curriculum control. Study how to include site content - its skill development how-TOs and innovations into present or future lesson plans - some reading required.

Road Safety Messages and Questions: When and why should you face traffic when walking along a road or cycle path? Is it a good idea to hang limbs outside of cars etc? What gives more protection in a crash: a car, motorbike or bicycle? See too, the BBC-Belgium story Texting and Driving - texting & the impossible test - the article links to a gruesome utube video on the subject

The Logic of Injustice: How Texas sent an innocent man to his death - The wrong Carlos. Some judgments are irreversible. Procescution: Where and when prosectors play to win rather than for justice, guilt beyond a reasonable doubt goes unrespected due to prosecutors who putting winning first, those innocence before the law may be convicted. Some procescutors offices in continuing to accuse after a pardon due to reasonable doubt or innocent being shown, may sucessfully oppose compensaton for false convictions by asserting a pardon individual is still under suspicion. Then the pardoned individual or the latter's estate is not compensation for years or decade of improper or false imprisonment, or for execution. Site chapters on Logic
and some in Pattern Based Reason may slowly lead to greater precision in reading, applying and writing laws.

May 2012, Composition Starting: Pre-School and Primary Mathematics - Quantitative Skills, An Intellectual View, Feedback Welcome:

The 8 Most Popular Site Inlinks

20 Times Table - the most popular site page - popular pages - unexpected.
Fractions & Ratios - with lesson on raising terms to introduce & justify times, division & comparison as well addition & subtraction
Parent Center - See below
Volume 1, Elements of Reason - Intro to all site books.
What is a Variable - best for ages 13+
Written work formats for Arithmetic and Algebra - a skill method and standard!
Complex Numbers Visually - best for ages 13+
Natural Logs, Exponentials, Powers, Roots

Division of Labour: This site offers advice and directions with pointers to resources elsewhere, if known, when they help or lessen the need to write more.

Parent Center: Help your child or teen learn:

Parent-friendly Work Booklets for ages 3+ to 13 Use these or others to check or build skills. Other booklets are available but these booklets allow parents unsure of themselves in mathematics to help their children. The selection acquired in Canada is published in the USA. So it has a US orientation. In retrospect, the selection shows parents what to check with the booklets or by other ways, the choice is theirs. But in retrospect, the selection does not cover integral and fractions liquid weights and measures - ask the publishers to correct that! For ages 9 to 12 say, parents may compensate by showing boys and girls how to use weights or mass, and further measures in food preparation. Beyond that children may be shown how to measure and calculate angles, lengths and areas [proportional amounts too] directly or by using maps and plans drawns to scale. Learning how to gather and measure all the ingredients, pots and pans for a dish or a meal, along with cleaning up sets the stage for like activities or experiments in science courses, and in developing organizational skills, gives boys and girls a head start. Good luck. At the other extreme, more comprehensive than light, if your motto is McCainian: drill, drill, drill then Toronto mathematician and actor John Mighton's jump math organization has jump math workbooks for at least grades 3 to 8 for at-home and in-school use - training sessions for teachers available. Jump math has been expanding to cover older students. Jump Math Samples: plus Fractions for Grades 3-4 & Grades 5-6 [Read] Free Resources grades 1 to 8 [unread - likely to be good]. and

Mathematics Skills For Ages 3 to 14 - technical!

Skills with take home value - A few ideas

Basic skills include time-date-calendar Matters; money matters; map, plan and scale diagram matters;counting, measuring and figuring; decision making with logic and likelyhood; being careful and being aware of the domino effect of mistakes; reading and writing with precision.

Is your child able to add, subtract and multiply amounts of money, work with fractions, work with clocks and calendars, work with maps and plans, and measure length, weight-mass and volume? Schools may promote your son or daughter without providing basic skills in reading, writing and arithmetic.

Arithmetic and Number Theory Skills

Algebra Starter Lessons

1 Working With Sets
2 Formula Forward Use - Evaluation
3 Solving Linear Equations - Skip first step with students able to solve 1 eqn in 1 unknown.
4 Computation Rules and Function Notation
5 Real Numbers
6 More Less Greater Than Inequalities and Comparison
7 Axioms Logic and Equivalent Equations
8 Unifying Theme For Algebra
9 Proportionality Backwards and Forwards
10 Examples of Algebraic Reasoning
A Origins of Counting and Figuring Methods
B Real Numbers Extrinsic Development


Site coverage of formuala evaluation format, of computation rules and axioms, and of the forward and backward use of formulas and proportionality relations lessens the amount of natural talent needed to understand and explain algebra.

Geometry - maps plans trigonometry vectors

1 Maps Plans Measurement
2 Euclidean Geometry - Constructions + extras
3 Cartesian and Polar Coordinates
4 Lines and Slopes Take 1
5 What is Similarity
6 Trigonometry first steps
7 Complex Numbers
8 Unit-Circle Trigonometry
9 Lines and Slopes Take 2 with tangent function
10 Intersecting Straight Lines and Transversals
11 Parallel Straight Lines and Transversals
12 Function Translating and Rescaling
13 Vectors
14 Degrees to Radians and Radians to Degrees
15 Arc or Inverse Trigonometric Function

Pre-Teen and young teen mastery of skills and practices which should be common with map-plans-diagrams drawn to scale, contour interpretation included, has actual or potential take-home value for daily- and adult-life in solving routine problems. Elevating some practices to principles, axioms or postualates, provides a base for analytic and Euclidean geometry, an analytic view of similarity, and an efficient mastery of trigonometry and complex numbers. Right triangle trigonometry provide an analytic alternative to solving geometric problems by drawing diagrams to scale.

More Algebra

Natural-Logarithms Exponentials Powers Roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions
5 Factored Polynomial Sign Analysis Examples
Rewriting algebraic substitution as function substitutions

The first topic leads to a full high school level theory for the forward and backward mastery of growth and decay models and for definition, range and domains of radicals, roots and powers. The next two topics make quadratics and polynomials easier to learn and teach. Site coverage of functions turns vertical and horizontal line rules into computation methods for evaluating functions.

70 Calculus Starter Lessons

Calculus Lessons Elsewhere:

  1. How to Ace Calculus: Street Wise Guide - Mostly Text.

  2. Flash Video for Calculus Phobics

They cover basic topics in ways likely to complement your notes, your textbooks and site material. When Goldilocks trespassed in the house of the three bears, she found three bowls of porridge, two not to her liking, and one just right. Different bears have different tastes. As invited guest here and elsewhere, if one or more explanations is not to liking, try another. It may be better or just right.

Unsolicited Advice

Learning to do and high marks if it comes to easy is often deceptive - light rather than deep. For that reason, students with learning difficulties determined not to let it get in their way may go deeper and farther than those with none. High marks, if the come easy, may be deceptive - provide a too light and not a deep mastery. That could have been your problem in secondary school, one that leads to comprehension shock or difficulties in calculus and more generally in the first year of college. Bon Appetite.


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Home < Archives < LAMP - Lean Applied Mathematics Program << F LAMP Introduction Prerequisites

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Logic-Reason for all
Careful Thinking
Chains of Reason
Mathematical Induction
Responsibility
Bodies-of-Knowledge

Arithmetic - Ages 10+
1. Deciml Place Value - fun
2. Decimals for Tutors
3. Prime Factors - quickly
4. Fractions + Ratios
5. Arith with units - science

Geometry
1 Maps + Plans Use
2 Euclidean Geometry
3 Rct +Polr Coordinates
4 Lines-Slopes [I]
5. What is Similarity
Algebra Starters - the base
1. Better Work Format
2. Solve Linear Eqns
3. Computation Rules
4. Axioms, Item 3 Viewpnt
5. Formulas Backwards
More Algebra
Logarithms-ax & m/nth roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions || Vectors too
Arith. Skill Check+Answers
Calculus Prep/Preview
What is a Variable
Why study slopes
Why factor polynomials
Complex Numbers
Limits + Continuity

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