Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics & Reason Français: 26 pages
A 1100+ page site with math-free logic chapters and wordy algebra chapters.
For comprehension, study site chapters and steps. Go beyond rote learning.

Logic mastery strengthens comprehension and so improves home, work & study abilities .
Logic 5 Chapters Arithmetic 10 Steps Algebra 12 Starter Steps & 5 Advanced Steps
Work & Study 23 Tips Geometry 15 Steps Calculus 70 Lessons

Ages 15+: Why study slopes Polynomials Quadratics Why factor polynomials Logarithms Functions
What is similarity Euclidean geometry leanly Coordinates + complex no.s Vectors DC Electric Circuits

Ages 14+: Prime factorization Written work formats Decimal place value Extend arithmetic skills orally
What is a variable 5 fraction operations by raising terms Solving Linear Equations: Take I Take II

Online Volumes: 1 - Elements of Reason, 2 - 3 Skills For Algebra, 3 - Why Slopes and
More Math
, 1A - Pattern Based Reason, 1B - Skill Development Principles + Troubles
Forewords + leading chapters give original reasons, still valid, for site content & growth.

Site Review: Mathphobics, this site may ease your fears of the subject, perhaps even help you njoy it. ... unintimidating, sometimes funny and very clear. ... . Read all. Continue with Volume 2, Three Skill for Algebra.

Site Review. Math resources ... span ... arithmetic, logic, algebra, calculus, complex numbers, and Euclidean geometry. Lessons and how-tos .... provide a good foundation ... Read all. See site books as well.

Teachers & Tutors: Site material uniquely explains common troubles in terms of steps too large or missing. Plus, this December 2011, 5-phase framework offers a context for mathematics & logic education. Phases 1 to 3 may focus on skills with actual or potential local value for adult & daily life. College-oriented phases 5 & 4 focus on calculus & preparation for it. Phases 1 to 4 may also serve trades & professions not dependent on calculus.

Location: Site Entrance < Archives < Mathematics Education Essays << three difficulties

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Mathematics Education Perils

Improper notation in mathematics points to and leads to difficulties.   If your teacher solves equations  ¾ = (¼)x by writing =3 besides the x, transfer to another class. Proper notation allows you to record, develop and report arithmetic and algebraic ideas in writing  instead of in your  head.  If you cannot write mathematics properly, your mathematics education is at risk. 

A) Arithmetic Troubles.  People have difficulty in mathematics due to a poor command of arithmetic - See these arithmetic problems with hints of algebra. If you have trouble with them see the RealPlayer webvideos in Three Skills for Algebra. For further  help leave this site to explore aaamath. and Purplemath carefully and then return.  the following  Math League Help Topics (help from another Ph. D in math for grades 4 to 8) provide more site exits.  

|| Whole numbers & their basic properties || Decimals, whole numbers & exponents || Using data and statistics || Fractions || Geometry || Ratio and proportion || Percent and probability || Integers || Metric units &  measurement || Introduction to algebra || Positive & negative numbers || (help topics here go beyond arithmetic, and may be useful by themselves or with site coverage of similar topics). 

Novices: The ability to do arithmetic with whole numbers and fractions not in your head but on paper efficiently and written with proper notation is needed in algebra, geometry, trig and probability. Mastery of fractions and radical without a calculator may not be useful in daily life but it is required for further learning in mathematics.  Old curriculums in mathematics said mastery of arithmetic was needed for algebra. But today requiring  less points to folly in mathematics instruction with many victims - high marks in mathematics courses where arithmetic skills are not developed  mislead students and lead to  to remedial mathematics courses for many  first year students in North American colleges and universities. 

Arithmetic skills should lead to unique results - In arithmetic, if you regularly obtain different results than others then  your arithmetic skills need urgent repair.

B) Algebra Troubles. Intelligent people have difficulty with algebraic reason, the shorthand roles of letters and symbols in mathematics, due to awkward or absence explanations - too much is assumed and not enough is explained.  

The following site pages offer a remedy which requires arithmetic skills slowly and not suddenly - so student weak in arithmetic may  follow most immediately.  

Logic Chapters (3 Chains of Reason  4 Longer Chains 2 Logic Puzzles  5 Knowledge Islands) Algebra Chapters ( 8 Three Skills for Algebra   9 The First Skill 10.Two.More.Skills 11 Why ShorthandEssay: What is a Variable  Algebra Chapter: 14, Compound Interest, Arithmetic Skills (Problems & More Problems, Solving Linear Equations) Algebra Chapters (Solving linear Equation - a second go, 16 Painless Theorem Proving 17 Pythagorean Theorem - Chinese Square Proof) 

The remedy  begins with logic chapters to  test or develop reading, writing and study skills. Strong reading and writing are needed in mathematics and for learning in general. The  remedy continues with  lessons and insights not found elsewhere to provide  a fuller and clearer view of algebra. The First Skill for algebra   and the essay  What is a Variable offer a simpler and clearer ways to understand  not only symbols but also words in mathematics from arithmetic to calculus and beyond. Remember:  Fraction sense (comprehension)  and arithmetic with fractions is needed for algebra.

C)  Calculus Troubles - Students starting calculus often have difficulties with algebra, arithmetic and logic skills.  Calculus courses may compound difficulties by demanding not only well developed arithmetic skills, but also algebraic ways of writing and reasoning at full strength too quickly. Site links and site pages point to remedies to ease or avoid difficulties, besides further topics to enrich skills and knowledge. 

  Site pages on algebra, arithmetic, logic, better learning in general, reason, theorem proving and complex numbers offer appetizers and lessons that may be added to the start or middle of calculus to ease or avoid perils. Some may be met before calculus to provide a context for slopes and polynomials. All gradually  introduce the full strength role of algebra in elementary to advance topics in a ways that may avoid difficulties and enrich knowledge.

Calculus is the subject of slope related computations, direct or reversed, along with interpretations and applications. Many formulas for perimeters, areas and volumes met before calculus can be justified by slope (a.k.a derivative) computations, direct and reversed. 

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Parents: Help your child or teen learn:

Parent-friendly Work Booklets for ages 3+ to 13 Use these or others to check or build skills.

Mathematics Skills For Ages 3 to 14

Skills with take home value

Basic skills include time-date-calendar Matters; money matters; map, plan and scale diagram matters;counting, measuring and figuring; decision making with logic and likelyhood; being careful and being aware of the domino effect of mistakes; reading and writing with precision.

Is your child able to add, subtract and multiply amounts of money, work with fractions, work with clocks and calendars, work with maps and plans, and measure length, weight-mass and volume? Schools may promote your son or daughter without providing basic skills in reading, writing and arithmetic.

Arithmetic and Number Theory Skills

Algebra Starter Lessons

1 Working With Sets
2 Formula Forward Use - Evaluation
3 Solving Linear Equations - Skip first step with students able to solve 1 eqn in 1 unknown.
4 Computation Rules and Function Notation
5 Real Numbers
6 More Less Greater Than Inequalities and Comparison
7 Axioms Logic and Equivalent Equations
8 Unifying Theme For Algebra
9 Proportionality Backwards and Forwards
10 Examples of Algebraic Reasoning
A Origins of Counting and Figuring Methods
B Real Numbers Extrinsic Development


Site coverage of formuala evaluation format, of computation rules and axioms, and of the forward and backward use of formulas and proportionality relations lessens the amount of natural talent needed to understand and explain algebra.

Geometry - maps plans trigonometry vectors

1 Maps Plans Measurement
2 Euclidean Geometry - Constructions + extras
3 Cartesian and Polar Coordinates
4 Lines and Slopes Take 1
5 What is Similarity
6 Trigonometry first steps
7 Complex Numbers
8 Unit-Circle Trigonometry
9 Lines and Slopes Take 2 with tangent function
10 Intersecting Straight Lines and Transversals
11 Parallel Straight Lines and Transversals
12 Function Translating and Rescaling
13 Vectors
14 Degrees to Radians and Radians to Degrees
15 Arc or Inverse Trigonometric Function

Pre-Teen and young teen mastery of skills and practices which should be common with map-plans-diagrams drawn to scale, contour interpretation included, has actual or potential take-home value for daily- and adult-life in solving routine problems. Elevating some practices to principles, axioms or postualates, provides a base for analytic and Euclidean geometry, an analytic view of similarity, and an efficient mastery of trigonometry and complex numbers. Right triangle trigonometry provide an analytic alternative to solving geometric problems by drawing diagrams to scale.

More Algebra

Natural-Logarithms Exponentials Powers Roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions
5 Factored Polynomial Sign Analysis Examples
Rewriting algebraic substitution as function substitutions

The first topic leads to a full high school level theory for the forward and backward mastery of growth and decay models and for definition, range and domains of radicals, roots and powers. The next two topics make quadratics and polynomials easier to learn and teach. Site coverage of functions turns vertical and horizontal line rules into computation methods for evaluating functions.

70 Calculus Starter Lessons


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Logic-Reason for all
Careful Thinking
Chains of Reason
Mathematical Induction
Responsibility
Bodies-of-Knowledge

Arithmetic - Ages 10+
1. Deciml Place Value - fun
2. Decimals for Tutors
3. Prime Factors - quickly
4. Fractions + Ratios
5. Arith with units - science

Geometry
1 Maps + Plans Use
2 Euclidean Geometry
3 Rct +Polr Coordinates
4 Lines-Slopes [I]
5. What is Similarity
Algebra Starters - the base
1. Better Work Format
2. Solve Linear Eqns
3. Computation Rules
4. Axioms, Item 3 Viewpnt
5. Formulas Backwards
More Algebra
Logarithms-ax & m/nth roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions || Vectors too
Arith. Skill Check+Answers
Calculus Prep/Preview
What is a Variable
Why study slopes
Why factor polynomials
Complex Numbers
Limits + Continuity

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