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Teachers & Tutors: This December 2011, 5-phase framework offers a context for mathematics & logic education. Phases 1 to 3 may focus on skills with actual or potential local value for adult & daily life. College-oriented phases 5 & 4 focus on calculus & preparation for it. Phases 1 to 4 may also serve trades & professions not dependent on calculus. Reform: look before you leap - plan all in detail first.

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Home < Arithmetic and Number Theory Skills << 1 Decimal Place Value


1 Decimal Place Value

     1 Place Value in Three Digit Whole Numbers
     2 Groups of Three Place Value for Multidigit Decimals
     3 More on Groups of 3 Multi-Digit Place Value
     4 Groups of 3 Place Value in Decimal Fractions
     5 More on Groups of 3 Place Value in Decimal Fractions
     6 Groups of 3 Place Value in Mixed Decimal Fractions
     7 More on Groups of 3 Place Value in Mixed Decimal Fractions
     8 Review Lesson 1 2 4 and 6 - All in One
     9 Place Value Review - Decimal form of Avogrados number included
     10 Names for Big Numbers and Powers of Ten Expansion
     11 Place Value SI Standard International way

Notes

Food for thought. The SI lesson below would be sufficient for upper secondary schools in many countries , and independent of the use of local naming systems for big and small numbers and measures.

The exercise of reading decimal aloud with several places before and after the decimal point is not a practical skill. It is a skill which can provide comic relief in a mathematics class while developing and reinforcing place value comprehension. A possible modification of the following lessons to favour UK-terms meaning of billions and trillions is indicated below.

  1. Place Value in Three Digit Whole Numbers describes the ones, tens and hundreds place value of the digits and, more importantly, says how 3 digit number aloud, digit by digit.

  2. Groups of Three Place Value for Multidigit Decimals gives a single example to introduce or review the ones, thousand, millions, billions, trillions and quadrillions place value of groups of three in multidigit decimals. Here place value is determined by reading a number backwards (from right to left) while the normal way of reading identifies the groups of three and their place value from left to right.

  3. More on Groups of 3 Multi-Digit Place Value gives more examples to example to introduce or review the ones, thousand, millions, billions, trillions, quadrillions and quintillions place value of groups of three in multidigit decimals. Here again place value is determined by reading a number backwards (from right to left) while the normal way of reading identifies the groups of three and their place value from left to right. Recognizing place in groups of three backwards has to be done before the number is read aloud.

  4. Groups of 3 Place Value in Decimal Fractions gives a single example to introduce or review the thousandths, millionths, billionths, trillionths and quadrillionthss place value of groups of three in multidigit decimal fractions. Here place value is determined by reading a number forwards(from left to right and can be done while the decimal fraction is read aloud.

  5. More on Groups of 3 Place Value in Decimal Fractions gives a more examples to introduce or review the thousandths, millionths, billionths, trillionths, quadrillionths and quintrilionth place value of groups of three in multidigit decimal fractions. As just said, place value is determined by reading a number forwards(from left to right and can be done while the decimal fraction is read aloud.

  6. Groups of 3 Place Value in Mixed Decimal Fractions gives a single example in which place value of groups of three in a mixed decimal number or fraction is based on place value of groups of three determined backwards, that is, contrary to the normal direction of reading in English from a decimal point while place value of groups of three after the decimal point is determined in accordance with the normal reading direction.

  7. More on Groups of 3 Place Value in Mixed Decimal Fractions gives more examples of the appearance of place value from quintillions to quintillionths in a multidigit decimals that included a decimal point.

  8. Review Lesson 1 2 4 and 6 - All in One present four examples, one from each lesson.

  9. Place Value Review - Decimal form of Avogrados number included. Students in science courses may appreciate the order of magnitude of Avogrado's number after this stand-alone extension of the previous lessons introduces them to 602 septrillions.

  10. Names for Big Numbers and Powers of 1000 Expansion goes from the power of ten expansion of multidigt decimals to powers of 1000 = 103 groups of three expansion of multidigit decimals with digits before and after a decimal point. A reference is given.

  11. Place Value SI Standard International way. The SI (System International) systems of units and measures provides "standard names" for big and small numbers from yota to yocto for powers of 103 and it reciprocal 10-3 that can occur in discussing group of three place value in multidigit decimals. The alternative names are given along side dare-we-say common US-style names for numbers, big and small. A reference is given. for

Modification for UK big and small number naming.

In the UK, a billion is not a thousand million, is it is a million million. Further, a trillion is not a thousand million, it is a million billions. That suggests a variation of the foregoing in which multidigit decimals may be read aloud in full or partial groups of six, where each group of six consists of two groups of three. Thus

56 789 345 230 456 678 . 560 678 999 12
might be read aloud as


56 thousand and 789 billions
345 thousand and 230 millions
456 thousand and 678 ones or units,
560 thousand and 678 millionths, and
999 thousand and 120 billionths

That being said, some variation of this ideas may work better. Again, the skill of reading multidigit decimals aloud in groups of three or six is not a practical. It is a skill aimed at developing and re-enforcing place value.

Is this better? For reading in full or partial groups of three digits, UK instructors might emphasize the use of SI terms yota to yocto for powers of 103 and it reciprocal 10-3 because groups of three are easier to digest than groups of six, and groups of three may lead to better comprehension of the SI naming system for large and small numbers and measure.

Secondary Mathematics for Ages 11+, A Practical Approach for home-tutoring or -schooling, or for schools & colleges with local curriculum control. Study how to include site content - its skill development how-TOs and innovations into present or future lesson plans - some reading required.

Road Safety Messages and Questions: When and why should you face traffic when walking along a road or cycle path? Is it a good idea to hang limbs outside of cars etc? What gives more protection in a crash: a car, motorbike or bicycle? See too, the BBC-Belgium story Texting and Driving - texting & the impossible test - the article links to a gruesome utube video on the subject

The Logic of Injustice: How Texas sent an innocent man to his death - The wrong Carlos. Some judgments are irreversible. Procescution: Where and when prosectors play to win rather than for justice, guilt beyond a reasonable doubt goes unrespected due to prosecutors who putting winning first, those innocence before the law may be convicted. Some procescutors offices in continuing to accuse after a pardon due to reasonable doubt or innocent being shown, may sucessfully oppose compensaton for false convictions by asserting a pardon individual is still under suspicion. Then the pardoned individual or the latter's estate is not compensation for years or decade of improper or false imprisonment, or for execution. Site chapters on Logic
and some in Pattern Based Reason may slowly lead to greater precision in reading, applying and writing laws.

May 2012, Composition Starting: Pre-School and Primary Mathematics - Quantitative Skills, An Intellectual View, Feedback Welcome:

The 8 Most Popular Site Inlinks

20 Times Table - the most popular site page - popular pages - unexpected.
Fractions & Ratios - with lesson on raising terms to introduce & justify times, division & comparison as well addition & subtraction
Parent Center - See below
Volume 1, Elements of Reason - Intro to all site books.
What is a Variable - best for ages 13+
Written work formats for Arithmetic and Algebra - a skill method and standard!
Complex Numbers Visually - best for ages 13+
Natural Logs, Exponentials, Powers, Roots

Division of Labour: This site offers advice and directions with pointers to resources elsewhere, if known, when they help or lessen the need to write more.

Parent Center: Help your child or teen learn:

Parent-friendly Work Booklets for ages 3+ to 13 Use these or others to check or build skills. Other booklets are available but these booklets allow parents unsure of themselves in mathematics to help their children. The selection acquired in Canada is published in the USA. So it has a US orientation. In retrospect, the selection shows parents what to check with the booklets or by other ways, the choice is theirs. But in retrospect, the selection does not cover integral and fractions liquid weights and measures - ask the publishers to correct that! For ages 9 to 12 say, parents may compensate by showing boys and girls how to use weights or mass, and further measures in food preparation. Beyond that children may be shown how to measure and calculate angles, lengths and areas [proportional amounts too] directly or by using maps and plans drawns to scale. Learning how to gather and measure all the ingredients, pots and pans for a dish or a meal, along with cleaning up sets the stage for like activities or experiments in science courses, and in developing organizational skills, gives boys and girls a head start. Good luck. At the other extreme, more comprehensive than light, if your motto is McCainian: drill, drill, drill then Toronto mathematician and actor John Mighton's jump math organization has jump math workbooks for at least grades 3 to 8 for at-home and in-school use - training sessions for teachers available. Jump math has been expanding to cover older students. Jump Math Samples: plus Fractions for Grades 3-4 & Grades 5-6 [Read] Free Resources grades 1 to 8 [unread - likely to be good]. and

Mathematics Skills For Ages 3 to 14 - technical!

Skills with take home value - A few ideas

Basic skills include time-date-calendar Matters; money matters; map, plan and scale diagram matters;counting, measuring and figuring; decision making with logic and likelyhood; being careful and being aware of the domino effect of mistakes; reading and writing with precision.

Is your child able to add, subtract and multiply amounts of money, work with fractions, work with clocks and calendars, work with maps and plans, and measure length, weight-mass and volume? Schools may promote your son or daughter without providing basic skills in reading, writing and arithmetic.

Arithmetic and Number Theory Skills

Algebra Starter Lessons

1 Working With Sets
2 Formula Forward Use - Evaluation
3 Solving Linear Equations - Skip first step with students able to solve 1 eqn in 1 unknown.
4 Computation Rules and Function Notation
5 Real Numbers
6 More Less Greater Than Inequalities and Comparison
7 Axioms Logic and Equivalent Equations
8 Unifying Theme For Algebra
9 Proportionality Backwards and Forwards
10 Examples of Algebraic Reasoning
A Origins of Counting and Figuring Methods
B Real Numbers Extrinsic Development


Site coverage of formuala evaluation format, of computation rules and axioms, and of the forward and backward use of formulas and proportionality relations lessens the amount of natural talent needed to understand and explain algebra.

Geometry - maps plans trigonometry vectors

1 Maps Plans Measurement
2 Euclidean Geometry - Constructions + extras
3 Cartesian and Polar Coordinates
4 Lines and Slopes Take 1
5 What is Similarity
6 Trigonometry first steps
7 Complex Numbers
8 Unit-Circle Trigonometry
9 Lines and Slopes Take 2 with tangent function
10 Intersecting Straight Lines and Transversals
11 Parallel Straight Lines and Transversals
12 Function Translating and Rescaling
13 Vectors
14 Degrees to Radians and Radians to Degrees
15 Arc or Inverse Trigonometric Function

Pre-Teen and young teen mastery of skills and practices which should be common with map-plans-diagrams drawn to scale, contour interpretation included, has actual or potential take-home value for daily- and adult-life in solving routine problems. Elevating some practices to principles, axioms or postualates, provides a base for analytic and Euclidean geometry, an analytic view of similarity, and an efficient mastery of trigonometry and complex numbers. Right triangle trigonometry provide an analytic alternative to solving geometric problems by drawing diagrams to scale.

More Algebra

Natural-Logarithms Exponentials Powers Roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions
5 Factored Polynomial Sign Analysis Examples
Rewriting algebraic substitution as function substitutions

The first topic leads to a full high school level theory for the forward and backward mastery of growth and decay models and for definition, range and domains of radicals, roots and powers. The next two topics make quadratics and polynomials easier to learn and teach. Site coverage of functions turns vertical and horizontal line rules into computation methods for evaluating functions.

70 Calculus Starter Lessons

Calculus Lessons Elsewhere:

  1. How to Ace Calculus: Street Wise Guide - Mostly Text.

  2. Flash Video for Calculus Phobics

They cover basic topics in ways likely to complement your notes, your textbooks and site material. When Goldilocks trespassed in the house of the three bears, she found three bowls of porridge, two not to her liking, and one just right. Different bears have different tastes. As invited guest here and elsewhere, if one or more explanations is not to liking, try another. It may be better or just right.

Unsolicited Advice

Learning to do and high marks if it comes to easy is often deceptive - light rather than deep. For that reason, students with learning difficulties determined not to let it get in their way may go deeper and farther than those with none. High marks, if the come easy, may be deceptive - provide a too light and not a deep mastery. That could have been your problem in secondary school, one that leads to comprehension shock or difficulties in calculus and more generally in the first year of college. Bon Appetite.


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Home < Arithmetic and Number Theory Skills << 1 Decimal Place Value


Logic-Reason for all
Careful Thinking
Chains of Reason
Mathematical Induction
Responsibility
Bodies-of-Knowledge

Arithmetic - Ages 10+
1. Deciml Place Value - fun
2. Decimals for Tutors
3. Prime Factors - quickly
4. Fractions + Ratios
5. Arith with units - science

Geometry
1 Maps + Plans Use
2 Euclidean Geometry
3 Rct +Polr Coordinates
4 Lines-Slopes [I]
5. What is Similarity
Algebra Starters - the base
1. Better Work Format
2. Solve Linear Eqns
3. Computation Rules
4. Axioms, Item 3 Viewpnt
5. Formulas Backwards
More Algebra
Logarithms-ax & m/nth roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions || Vectors too
Arith. Skill Check+Answers
Calculus Prep/Preview
What is a Variable
Why study slopes
Why factor polynomials
Complex Numbers
Limits + Continuity

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