the
Real Analysis appendices of
Why Slopes
and
More Math
Volume 3
Printed in Canada
ISBN 0-9697564-3-7
|
These Real Analysis appendices
continue the decimal
viewpoint of limits, continuity and convergence in chapter 14. and
this further lesson
A. What's Next
B. Pigeon Hole Principle
B. Bolzano-Weierstrass
C1. Triangle Inequality
C2. Triangle Inequality
C. More T.Inequality
D. Sets & Sequences
D. Monotone Sequences
E. Limits, Properties
E Limits & Error Control
F. Continuous Functions
F. Closed Range Thm
F. Intermediate Val. Thm
F. Compactness Thm
F. Equicontinuity Thm
F Extreme Value Thm
G. Rolle's Theorem etc
G. Mean Val. Thm.
G. Constant Difference Thm
G. Lipschitz Continuity I
PS: One Sided Range Theorems
G. Velocity Revisited
G. Sufficient Conditions
H. Riemann Sums Conv
H. Lipschitz Continuity II
Proofs of one-sided theorems could be of interest in the
study of 2D topology.
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Theorem C.1 [Generalized Triangle Inequality]
Assume n ³ 1 is a whole number.
Further suppose for 1 £ j £
n that zj is a real (or complex) number. Then
|
ê
ê |
n
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
£ |
n
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
Proof:
For n = 1, there is nothing to do since
|
ê
ê |
1
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
= |z1|
= |
1
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
For n = 2, the triangle inequality |x+y|
£ |x|+|y|
implies
|
ê
ê |
1
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
= |z1+z2|
£ |z1|+|z2|
= |
2
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
Now suppos
|
ê
ê |
n
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
£ |
n
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
holds for n = k. We wish to show that this inequality must hold
when n = k+1. For this observe
|
k+1
å
j = 1 |
zj = |
æ
è |
k
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ö
ø |
+zk+1 |
|
The triangle inequality |x+y|
£ |x|+|y|
again implies
|
ê
ê |
k+1
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
£ |
ê
ê |
k
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
+|zk+1| |
|
But
|
ê
ê |
k
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
£ |
k
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
implies
|
ê
ê |
k
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
+|zk+1|
£ |
k
å
j = 1 |
|zj|+|zk+1| |
|
Therefore the preceding inequalities altogether imply
|
ê
ê |
k+1
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
£ |
k+1
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
Thus the theorem holds by the principle of mathematical induction.
| |
|
|
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