Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason 
www.whyslopes.com - mathematics as an art and discipline, step-by-step  Parents: See Help Your Child/ Teen Learn 
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||Définition d'une variable || Algèbre || Arithmetique || Logique ||La raison basée sur les règles et modelés||

Online Volumes (Book Orders)
1,  Elements of Reason.
1A. Pattern Based Reason 
1B. Math Curriculum Notes
2. Three Skills for Algebra
   Three Skills for Algebra
3. Why Slopes & More Math
 Avid Readers: Try Pattern Based Reason  & chs 
 1 to 12, 14,  16 & 17  in  Three Skills for Algebra.
More Site Areas 
1. Help Your Child/ Teen Learn 
2. Solving Linear Equations  
3. Fractions Ratios Rates Proportions, Units
4. Euclidean Geometry
5. Analytic Geometry/Functions 
6. Number Theory
7. Calculus Introduction
8. Complex Numbers 
More Site Areas 
9. Quebec Maths Education  
10. Secondary IV(?) maths
11. Real  Analysis 
12. LaTeX2HotEqn:
13. Electric Circuits Etc  
14. Algebra, Odds & Ends, Etc
16  LAMP - Course re Design Plans
17. Math Education Essays
Teacher-Tutor Info & How-TOs
1. Arithmetic Reference
2. Algebra Starters 
3. More Algebra 
4. Geometry Starters
5. More Geometry
6. Calculus Modifiers 
7. Multiple Logics in Maths
8. Math Ed. Issues

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YOU are better than YOU think. Show yourself  how:  

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Read  logic chapters 1 to 5  in online volume Three Skills for Algebra  for greater skills & confidence in  work 
and study.

Learn to read notes and textbooks like a lawyer, so that no nuance, no subtlety and no clause escapes your attention.

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 Logic chapters 1 to 5  re- appear not in sequence, as is or longer,  in  Volume 1A,  Pattern Based Reason, Bon Appetite.

Logic Mastery
 Amazing, Amusing, Amorous,  Delicious, Delightful, Edifying, Strengthening Elixir. 
It eases work & learning difficulties Makes the hard easier. Opens eyes. Leads to greater precision.
in reading and
writing

Logic mastery makes the hard, easier. Logic mastery  leads to better, stronger and richer comprehension.  Logic mastery  improves reading and writing.  Logic mastery ease learning difficulties.  Logic mastery gives a headstart.  In sum, logic mastery  will develops critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and give a firmer base for work and studies at many levels. Good luck.


After logic  (a) continue reading Three Skills for Algebra, chapters 8 to 14  and do so alongside site area on solving liinear Equations ; or (b) see this calculus starter lesson and Volume 3, Why Slopes  & More Math, chapters 2 to 6;

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Caution: Site advice is approximately correct, for some circumstances, not all. That leaves room for thought

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What may be learnt and when depends on how skills and concepts are developed. Making the hard easier and clearer will allow earlier & richer development of skills and concepts.


Try the Twiddla Whiteboard. In principle, it  allows to people to draw and chat together online on a copy of this webpage or a clean sheet. The chat may be via text or audio.  Visit www.twiddla.com to set up whiteboards to work with the webpage of your choice.

For online automated help in senior high school maths & calculus, visit  quickmath.com  For Automatic Calculus and Algebra Help with derivatives, integrals, graphs, linear equations, matrix algebra, visit calc101.com  With  overlap, each site quickmath & calc101offers a different range of services, some free, some not, all based on webmathematica. Good luck.

Parallelograms

A parallelogram is a four sided figure (Quadrilateral)  with two pairs of opposite sides, each pair being given by parallel line segments of equal length.  

Theorem: The sides of a quadrilateral have opposite sides equal of equal length  when and only when opposite sides are parallel.

Proof - Part 1: Assume opposite side have equal length. We want to show that opposite sides are parallel.

Draw a diagonal. It divides the quadrilateral into two triangles with a common side (the diagonal). Observe corresponding sides in the triangles are equal. Hence the triangles are isometric by the side-side-side isometry criteria (an earlier assumption or postulate). There corresponding angles in the triangles are equal. The latter implies alternate angles to the diagonal, a transversal for both pairs of opposite sides are equal.  The latter equality of alternate equals implies opposite sides are parallel.   Therefore opposite sides equal in length.   implies opposite sides parallel 

Proof - Part 2: Assume opposite side are parallel. We want to show that opposite sides are equal in length. 

Draw  a diagonal to divide the quadrilateral into two triangles with a common side (the diagonal). The diagonal itself is a transversal for the both the parallel lines through the opposite sides. Hence alternate angles are equal. 

 

The latter implies the triangles are isometric. From the latter, corresponding sides in the triangle have equal lengths. But the corresponding sides in the triangles are opposite sides in the quadrilateral  Therefore opposite sides  parallel implies opposite sides equal in length. 


Theorem: If a pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are parallel with equal lengths then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram - that is the other pair of side are parallel to each other and isometric with each other as well. 

Proof: Draw a diagonal to divide the quadrilateral

 

into two triangles with the diagonal as a common side.  Alternate angles for the given pair of opposite parallel sides are equal as the diagonal is a transversal between them. Therefore the Side-Angle-Side triangle isometry criteria (assumed earlier) implies the two triangles are isometric.

The quadrilateral is divided into two triangles,
isometric by the side-angle-side criteria. 

So corresponding angles and sides in the pair of triangles have equal measure.  From which we conclude that the other opposite pair of sides have equal length and that the diagonal is a transversal between them for which the alternate angles are equal. Therefore the other pair of opposite sides are parallel as well. The quadrilateral is thus a parallelogram.


 

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4. Euclidean Geometry

Advice & Directions
Correspondence
Isometry
Side-Side-Side
Side Angle Side
Angle-Side-Angle
Isoceles
Right Bisector Construction, Etc.
Perpendicular - Point to Line
SSS Failure
SAS Failure
ASA Failure
Parallel Lines
Angle Sum
Similarity
Right Triangle Similarity
Trig  or Similarity
Parallelograms
Kites From Triangles Duplication
Parallelogram from Triangle Duplication
Addition of points in the plane
Multiplication of Points in the Plane
Distributive Law, Step I
Distributive Law, Step II
Distributive Law, Step III


Above Average Students in Geometry may enjoy  the site geometric introduction of complex numbers and the wordy volume 1A,  Pattern Based Reason.

For algebra, logic starter lessons,  see Volume 2, chapters 1 to 12, plus 14, 16 and 17.

Analytic Geometry, Functions & Trig

(FN) What are Functions?
(FN) Functions - More
SZM: Sign, Zero, Monoticity
(L) Lines Summary
(P) Polynomials (*,+,-)
(Q) Quadratics
(D) Simplify Square Roots
(T) Unit Circle Trig
Conic Sections


More For Analytic Geometry:

Real Numbers
Say More Positive
Linear Inequalities
Triangle Inequality
Absolute Value |x|
|x| Eq'ns & Inequalities
Rectangular Coords
Shortest Path
Distance Formulas
Add & Multiply Points
Polar Coordinates
Radians
(A) Vectors
(A) Coordinate Arithmetic
(A) Navigation on Maps
(A) Addition Geometrically
(A) Rotation
(PT) Translations
(PT) Dilatations
PT: Rotations

Easy Consequences of  this (newest) Complex Number. Starter Lesson follow below to provide an alternate development of HS or college maths.

Vec & Cmplx  No Applet
B2 C. Conjugates
B3 Pythagoras
B4 Distance
B5 Rt Triangle Similarity
B6 Trig., Functions
B7 Dot & Cross Products
B8 Cosine Law
B9 Exponential & cis fns
B10 Easy Trig Identities
B11 Set Viewpoint

Lesson Plans and lessons

Secondary I - fractions & allied concepts (decimals, percentages)

Secondary II - Algebra  (arithmetic versus algebraic methods, backward use of formulas and proportionality equations)

Secondary IV - Functions to Trig & Statistics

Calculus Intro 

Algebra Lesson Notes - All levels

Great_Expectations: If you can learn to follow a multi-step methods in any subject precisely, you can do so in other subjects, as well.

Good news: Site pages  identify what you need to study.

Bad news: Site pages do not explain everything  

Worse news: Learning takes time, yours

 


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a 1983 McGill. Ph. D. in mathematics
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