(www.whyslopes.com)
Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason 
A Calculus, Preparation for Calculus and Math Ed ReformWebsite, Etc.

Online Volumes (Book Orders)
1,  Elements of Reason.
1A. Pattern Based Reason 
1B. Math Curriculum Notes
2. Three Skills for Algebra
3. Why Slopes & More Math
(a calculus preview/review)

Mathematics Course Designers: LAMP offers food for thought.
More Site Areas 
1. Help Your Child or Teen Learn 
2. Solving Linear Equations
3. Fractions Ratios Rates Proportions & Units
4. Euclidean Geometry
5. Analytic Geometry/Functions 
6. Number Theory
7. More Calculus
More Site Areas 
8. Complex Numbers 
9. Qc Maths  Education  
10. Secondary IV(?) maths
11. Real  Analysis 
12. LaTeX2HotEqn:
13. Electric Circuits Etc  
14.  Français
15. Algebra, Odds & Ends, Etc
More Site Areas 
16. Math Education Essays
17. Telling & Working with Time
18. Maps, Plans & Drawings
19. Quantitative Skills for  home, shopping and work 
20. Statistics Useful, or Not.

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to work online with others.

||Définition d'une variable || Algèbre || Arithmetique || Logique ||La raison basée sur les règles et modelés||
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YOU are better than YOU think. Show yourself  how:  

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Read  logic chapters 1 to 5  in online volume Three Skills for Algebra  for greater skills & confidence in  work 
and study

Learn to read notes and textbooks like a lawyer, so that no nuance, no subtlety and no clause escapes your attention.

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 Logic chapters 1 to 5  re- appear not in sequence, as is or longer,  in  Volume 1A,  Pattern Based Reason, Bon Appetite.

Logic Mastery
 Amazing, Amusing, Amorous,  Delicious, Delightful, Edifying, Strengthening Elixir. 
It eases work & learning difficulties Makes the hard easier. Opens eyes. Leads to greater precision.
in reading and
writing

Logic mastery makes the hard, easier. Logic mastery  leads to better, stronger and richer comprehension.  Logic mastery  improves reading and writing.  Logic mastery ease learning difficulties.  Logic mastery gives a headstart.  In sum, logic mastery  will develops critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and give a firmer base for work and studies at many levels. Good luck.


After logic  (a) continue reading Three Skills for Algebra, chapters 8 to 14  and do so alongside site area on solving liinear Equations ; or (b) see this calculus starter lesson and Volume 3, Why Slopes  & More Math, chapters 2 to 6;

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Caution: Site advice is approximately correct, for some circumstances, not all. That leaves room for thought

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What may be learnt and when depends on how skills and concepts are developed. Making the hard easier and clearer will allow earlier & richer development of skills and concepts.


Try the Twiddla Whiteboard. In principle, it  allows to people to draw and chat together online on a copy of this webpage or a clean sheet. The chat may be via text or audio.  Visit www.twiddla.com to set up whiteboards to work with the webpage of your choice.

For online automated help in senior high school maths & calculus, visit  quickmath.com  For Automatic Calculus and Algebra Help with derivatives, integrals, graphs, linear equations, matrix algebra, visit calc101.com  With  overlap, each site quickmath & calc101offers a different range of services, some free, some not, all based on webmathematica. Good luck.

Jumps and Limited Error Control

In some cases unlimited error control is not possible at the point x = a. It fails in the following case:

There is an e > 0 such that for every d > 0, there is some x satisfying the condition 

  |x-a| < d and |f(x)-f(a)| > e.

This means as the input x to the function y = f(x) becomes a better approximation to the number a, there is no guarantee the difference |f(x)-f(a)| will be smaller than the error control target e. This concept is illustrated by functions whose graphs have a few jumps in them. The height of the largest jump near a point x = a indicates how small the target tolerance e or ½ ·10-n can be in the discussion of error control.

Example of a function with jumps and with places where the function is not defined.

Unlimited error control is possible in the following circumstances:


For each target tolerance e > 0, there is a tolerance d > 0 such that the condition 

  |x-a| < d and |f(x)-f(a)| £  e.

These circumstances appear when f(x) is continuous at x = a.

Computations on machines with finite accuracy precision arithmetic, restrict the number n of decimals places that can be accurately computed. Every computing machine which calculates to finitely many binary or decimal places, suffers from such a limit. Small discontinuities in calculations appear, except in those case where exact arithmetic can be done. For example, on a computing machine which computes to at most n0 decimal places, the existence of a rule of the form

|x-a| < ½  1 
10m
    implies    |f(x)-f(a)| < ½  1 
10n
governing error cannot be guaranteed for n ³ n0 and can be considered improbable for most functions evaluated numerical by a computer. An exception is provided by functions whose numerically values can be represented (or encoded) exactly on a machine.


Calculator with accuracy to 3 or 4  decimal places 
does not add, subtract, divide or multiply continuously
There are jumps - small errors, hopefully negligible in
calculator provided results

Example of a machine which does approximate calculations - often good enough for practice, but not for understanding and developing exact theories.

On a computing machine which computes to at most n0 decimal places, the error control of a single addition and multiplication are guaranteed to only n0 binary (or decimal) places. Digits beyond the n0 place are uncertain. If several such calculations are done, with numbers in one calculation being used in the next, errors accumulate and accuracy is lost. The calculations in question may have to be reorganized to improve accuracy.

 

 

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More Calculus
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Calculus Videos
0.   First Calculus Preview
0. Triangle Inequality
0 Inequalities
0. Solving Inequalities
1. Distance+Midpt Formulas
1. Function Domains
1.Polynomial Domain+Range
1. Fn:  Linear Combinations
1. Fn Composition II
1. Fn Composition I
1. Solving y**n = x**m
2 .Real Numbers
2. Limits Numerical View
2. Limits,. Formal Definition
2. Limit Properties Numerically
2. Decimal View of Limits
2. Error Control View
2. Limits & Continuity
2. Limit Vals via Substitution
2. Limits & Composite Fns
2.. Limit Examples
2. One Sided Limits
2. Infinity and Limits
2. Parameters in Limits
3. Derivative Motivation
3.  Derivative Definition I
3. Derivatives Definition II
3. Calculus: Why Radians
3 d/dx of sin(x) & cos(x)  (I)
3 d/dx of sin(x) & cos(x) (II)
3.Sum Rule
3. Product Rule
3. Power Rule
3. Previous Rules Combined
3. d/dx for Polynomials
3. Reciprocal Rule
3. Reciprocal Law: sec & csc
3. Reciprocals & Power Rule
3. Power Law for Integers < 0
3. Quotient Rule
3. Quotient Rule Examples
3. Quotient Rule: tan & cot
3.  Linear Chain Rule
3. Chain Rule for Powers
3. Chain Rule - Polynomials
3. Chain Rule Examples I
3. Chain Rule Examples II
3. Linear Approximation I
3. General Chain Rule
3. Inverse Fns Derivatives
3. Chain Rule: ln(x) & exp(x)
3. Square & Cube Roots
4.  Linear Approximation
4. Second Derivative Test
4. Sketch y = x^3 - 6x^2- 12x
4. Sketch y = x^3 - 3 x^2 - 9x
4. Sketch y = 1 - 1/(1+x^2)
5. Indefinite Integrals A
5. Indefinite Integrals B.
5  Indefinite Integrals C
6. Definite Integral D
6. Area Under Curves
7. Volume of a Sphere

To Learn More, visit Volumes 2 and 3.


Advanced Topics

Limit Properties Algebraically
Pigeon Hole Principle
Bolzano
Constant Difference Thm
Continuous Functions
Rational Functions
Mean Value Theorem
One Side Range Theorem
Range On One Side
From Lipschitz Continuity

To Learn More: Visit Real Analysis.

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