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Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason 
A Calculus, Preparation for Calculus and Math Ed ReformWebsite, Etc.

Online Volumes (Book Orders)
1,  Elements of Reason.
1A. Pattern Based Reason 
1B. Math Curriculum Notes
2. Three Skills for Algebra
3. Why Slopes & More Math
(a calculus preview/review)

Mathematics Course Designers: LAMP offers food for thought.
More Site Areas 
1. Help Your Child or Teen Learn 
2. Solving Linear Equations
3. Fractions Ratios Rates Proportions & Units
4. Euclidean Geometry
5. Analytic Geometry/Functions 
6. Number Theory
7. More Calculus
More Site Areas 
8. Complex Numbers 
9. Qc Maths  Education  
10. Secondary IV(?) maths
11. Real  Analysis 
12. LaTeX2HotEqn:
13. Electric Circuits Etc  
14.  Français
15. Algebra, Odds & Ends, Etc
More Site Areas 
16. Math Education Essays
17. Telling & Working with Time
18. Maps, Plans & Drawings
19. Quantitative Skills for  home, shopping and work 
20. Statistics Useful, or Not.

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||Définition d'une variable || Algèbre || Arithmetique || Logique ||La raison basée sur les règles et modelés||
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YOU are better than YOU think. Show yourself  how:  

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Read  logic chapters 1 to 5  in online volume Three Skills for Algebra  for greater skills & confidence in  work 
and study

Learn to read notes and textbooks like a lawyer, so that no nuance, no subtlety and no clause escapes your attention.

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 Logic chapters 1 to 5  re- appear not in sequence, as is or longer,  in  Volume 1A,  Pattern Based Reason, Bon Appetite.

Logic Mastery
 Amazing, Amusing, Amorous,  Delicious, Delightful, Edifying, Strengthening Elixir. 
It eases work & learning difficulties Makes the hard easier. Opens eyes. Leads to greater precision.
in reading and
writing

Logic mastery makes the hard, easier. Logic mastery  leads to better, stronger and richer comprehension.  Logic mastery  improves reading and writing.  Logic mastery ease learning difficulties.  Logic mastery gives a headstart.  In sum, logic mastery  will develops critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and give a firmer base for work and studies at many levels. Good luck.


After logic  (a) continue reading Three Skills for Algebra, chapters 8 to 14  and do so alongside site area on solving liinear Equations ; or (b) see this calculus starter lesson and Volume 3, Why Slopes  & More Math, chapters 2 to 6;

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Caution: Site advice is approximately correct, for some circumstances, not all. That leaves room for thought

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What may be learnt and when depends on how skills and concepts are developed. Making the hard easier and clearer will allow earlier & richer development of skills and concepts.


Try the Twiddla Whiteboard. In principle, it  allows to people to draw and chat together online on a copy of this webpage or a clean sheet. The chat may be via text or audio.  Visit www.twiddla.com to set up whiteboards to work with the webpage of your choice.

For online automated help in senior high school maths & calculus, visit  quickmath.com  For Automatic Calculus and Algebra Help with derivatives, integrals, graphs, linear equations, matrix algebra, visit calc101.com  With  overlap, each site quickmath & calc101offers a different range of services, some free, some not, all based on webmathematica. Good luck.

Derivatives of sine and cosine

The following sections explain why the derivative of cos(x) is -sin(x) and why the derivative of sin(x) is cos(x).

Differentiation Rules for sine and cosine

  •  sin'(x) = cos(x) and 
  •  cos'(x) = -sin(x).

Suggestion: Leave the explanations below to later.  Get an operational command of differentiation rules and their use first. 

1  Angles and ArcLength


(Assume the angle q  is measured in degrees)


The length s of a circular arc is proportional to the angle q its spans. Physically, this proportionality means if the angle q is double or tripled, so is the arclength s. Mathematically, this relationship is described by the relation

s = kq
where k is called the constant of proportionality. (If you graphed s versus q where 0° £ q £ 360° , you would get a straight line segment with slope m = k.

The assumption that the circumference of the circle is 2pr implies 2pr = k·360° where r is the radius. This in turn implies
k = 2pr
360°
= pr
180°
The unit of angle measurement is the degree 1° = 1 degree.

2  Angles and Radian Measure

The foregoing implies that s = kq = [(pr)/(180° )] ·q = [(p)/(180° )]rq. This in turn implies
 s 
 r
=   p  
180°
q
or equivalently that
q = 180°
  p
.
 s 
 r
.
Thus the real number
 s 
 r
is proportional to the angle q, and vice-versa. Thus the ratio s/r determines the angle q, and vice-versa. So specifying one, specifies the other.  The real number s/r gives the radian measure of the angle q,

Observe r times the radian measure (s/r) gives the arclength s of the subtended arc. That geometric property provides one motivation for using radian measure, the ratio of arclength to radius, for angles. 

The Calculus Reason Why Radian Measure is important.

When radian measure is used to measure an angle h, the following limit  property

lim
h® 0

sin(h)
  h

  1 

provides the key to differentiation rules for trig functions.  The limit would not have the value 1 if h was measure in degrees.  Why the limit

lim
h® 0

sin(h)
  h

  1 

is explained in the next lesson. Bon Appetit.

 

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More Calculus
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Calculus Videos
0.   First Calculus Preview
0. Triangle Inequality
0 Inequalities
0. Solving Inequalities
1. Distance+Midpt Formulas
1. Function Domains
1.Polynomial Domain+Range
1. Fn:  Linear Combinations
1. Fn Composition II
1. Fn Composition I
1. Solving y**n = x**m
2 .Real Numbers
2. Limits Numerical View
2. Limits,. Formal Definition
2. Limit Properties Numerically
2. Decimal View of Limits
2. Error Control View
2. Limits & Continuity
2. Limit Vals via Substitution
2. Limits & Composite Fns
2.. Limit Examples
2. One Sided Limits
2. Infinity and Limits
2. Parameters in Limits
3. Derivative Motivation
3.  Derivative Definition I
3. Derivatives Definition II
3. Calculus: Why Radians
3 d/dx of sin(x) & cos(x)  (I)
3 d/dx of sin(x) & cos(x) (II)
3.Sum Rule
3. Product Rule
3. Power Rule
3. Previous Rules Combined
3. d/dx for Polynomials
3. Reciprocal Rule
3. Reciprocal Law: sec & csc
3. Reciprocals & Power Rule
3. Power Law for Integers < 0
3. Quotient Rule
3. Quotient Rule Examples
3. Quotient Rule: tan & cot
3.  Linear Chain Rule
3. Chain Rule for Powers
3. Chain Rule - Polynomials
3. Chain Rule Examples I
3. Chain Rule Examples II
3. Linear Approximation I
3. General Chain Rule
3. Inverse Fns Derivatives
3. Chain Rule: ln(x) & exp(x)
3. Square & Cube Roots
4.  Linear Approximation
4. Second Derivative Test
4. Sketch y = x^3 - 6x^2- 12x
4. Sketch y = x^3 - 3 x^2 - 9x
4. Sketch y = 1 - 1/(1+x^2)
5. Indefinite Integrals A
5. Indefinite Integrals B.
5  Indefinite Integrals C
6. Definite Integral D
6. Area Under Curves
7. Volume of a Sphere

To Learn More, visit Volumes 2 and 3.


Advanced Topics

Limit Properties Algebraically
Pigeon Hole Principle
Bolzano
Constant Difference Thm
Continuous Functions
Rational Functions
Mean Value Theorem
One Side Range Theorem
Range On One Side
From Lipschitz Continuity

To Learn More: Visit Real Analysis.

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